Stem cells hold the key to wound healing, as they develop into specialised cell types throughout the body - including in teeth.
Published today (Friday 9 August) in Nature Communications, the study showed that a gene called Dlk1 enhances stem cell activation and tissue regeneration in tooth healing.
Importantly, the work showed that when these stem cells are activated, they then send signals back to the mother cells of the tissue to control the number of cells produced, through a molecular gene called Dlk1.
This paper is the first to show that Dlk1 is vital for this process to work.
This mechanism could provide a novel solution for tooth reparation, dealing with problems such as tooth decay and crumbling (known as caries) and trauma treatment.
Further studies need to take place to validate the findings for clinical applications, in order to ascertain the appropriate treatment duration and dose, but these early steps in an animal model are exciting, as Dr Hu explains.
An international collaboration of researchers from the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) in Japan and Gladstone Institutes in the USA have generated 3D blastocyst-like structures from stem cells.
After many more cell divisions, the embryo turns into a blastocyst that is implanted in the womb where it differentiates and grows into a fetus.
Inside are pluripotent cells--cells that can become any type of cell in the body, but not the placenta--while the outer shell is made from trophoblasts--cells that eventually form the placenta.
For several years, scientists have been able to convert somatic cells--like skin cells--into pluripotent cells.
In an earlier study conducted at Gladstone, authors Cody Kime and Kiichiro Tomoda were able to convert pluripotent mouse cells from an implanted-like state to a pre-implanted state.
As Kime explains, "over seven years ago, our reprogramming experiments suggested that we had found a way to increase cell potency beyond pluripotency, which was unlikely and had not been seen before.
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Although a cure for rheumatoid arthritis has not yet been discovered, rheumatoid arthritis treatment plays an integral role in handling this health condition. Characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues, this autoimmune disease is a complicated illness that results in a variety of symptoms. These include acute pain and aches, fatigue, loss of appetite, stiffness, and a lack of energy.
Regrettably the disease develops gradually, so it is not always possible to determine exactly when it started. Many people today see that the disease is busy constantly, but others show signs of symptoms . The particular symptoms, and the intensity of pain and discomfort, depend solely on the person and may be worse when a person is inactive for a very long time period.
The most important goal of treating rheumatoid arthritis would be to handle the pain, optimize the functioning of joints, and reduce inflammation. The prevention of joint damage and deformity also forms a part of therapy. Since the severity of the symptoms varies according to the circumstance, treatment needs to be tailored to the needs of every patient. Usually factors, such as age, job, overall health, the types of joints that are inflamed, and if the disease is active or not, are taken into account when deciding on a plan of treatment.
Rheumatoid arthritis therapy generally consists of a mix of drugs and non-drug remedies. The kinds of drugs used include anti-inflammatory drugs and medications which encourage remission, in addition to slow down the progression of the disease.
Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as cortisone and aspirin are utilized for pain control and to decrease inflammation. Hydroxychloroquine, gold salts, sulfasalazine and methotrexate are generally utilized to slow down the progression of joint destruction and promote remission. In circumstances where joint deformity is severe, surgery may be necessary.
Non-drug therapies include physical therapy and exercises that are specific to relieve pain and stiffness. Besides reducing inflammation, physical therapy can be used to deal with certain effects of the illness and preserve the structure of joints. A mixture of relaxation methods, finger splinting, ultrasound, and hot and cold therapies are utilised to achieve optimum results. A diet is often suggested to ensure patients receive plenty of essential nutrients, especially during periods when there's a loss of appetite. To aid with fatigue and restore energy, individuals are encouraged to break
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