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Credit Card Fraud Detection and Prevention: The Complete Guide

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Roman Chuprina
Credit Card Fraud Detection and Prevention: The Complete Guide

Ever since the payment systems existed, there were always people who would find sophisticated ways to get to someone’s finances illegally. It has become a major problem in the modern era when all transactions can easily be completed online with only entering your credit card information. Even in the 2010s quite a lot of American retail website users suffered from online transaction frauds until the two-step verification came into power while shopping online.

However, credit card frauds are still a challenge for money transaction platform owners or small to global retail services and hundreds of online frauds keep popping up daily as long as unauthorized card transactions hit the record amount of 16.7 million victims in 2017 (as reported by Javelin Strategy & Research). Additionally, according to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the number of credit card fraud claims in 2017 overcame the previous year’s number of frauds by 40%. There were around 13,000 reported cases in California and 8,000 for Florida, which is the most per capita credit card fraud claims). The future number of transactions will only increase and exceed approximately $7.2 million by 2020 where card-non-present (CNP) transactions online or with mobile phones will make the majority of that number.

Credit Card Fraud Detection with Machine Learning

 

There are a few ways to implement automated fraud detection:

  • Off-the-shelf fraud risk scores pulled from third-parties (e.g. from LexisNexis or MicroBilt)
  • Predictive machine learning models that learn from prior data and estimate the probability the transaction is fraudulent
  • Business rules that set conditions that the transaction must pass to be approved (e.g. no OFAC alert, SSN matches, below deposit/withdrawal limit, etc.)

 Among these Fraud Detection and Prevention techniques, predictive Machine Learning models are the one that belongs to smart Internet security solutions. There are several steps within each AI Fraud detection and prevention development process. The first is Data Mining that implies classifying, grouping and segmenting data to make a search through millions of transactions to find patterns and detect fraud. After the patterns are discovered, there is a Pattern Recognition phase which can detect classes, clusters, and patterns of suspicious behavior. Machine Learning itself here represents the choice of a model/set of models that best fit to a certain business problem. For example, the Neural Networks approach helps to automatically identify characteristics found in fraud, which is the most effective if you have a lot of transaction samples.

 Once the machine learning-driven Fraud Protection module is integrated into the E-commerce platform, it starts tracking the transactions. Whenever a user requests a transaction, it is being processed for some time and depending on the level of predicted fraud probability there are 3 kinds of possible outputs:

  • If the probability is less than 10%, the transaction is allowed;
  • If the probability is between 10% and 80%, additional authentication factor (one time SMS code, Fingerprint, Secret Question) should be applied;
  • If the probability is more than 80%, the transaction is frozen, so it should be processed manually.

 Using Machine Learning for fraud prevention also has its pros and cons as any other security means. Being a potent tool to identify and block frauds, and often one of the most accurate, it improves itself overtime when it gets additional data. It means that you will have a continually self-improving mechanism that spots frauds with newer patterns.

 Although Fraud Detection with Machine Learning is surely an advantageous method, it still has some restrictions that should be paid attention to, before you implement it on a platform.

Firstly, training high-quality machine learning models requires significant internal historical data. That means if you do not have enough previous fraud and normal transactions, it would be hard to run a Machine Learning model on it because they are very demanding for information.

Secondly, models may be subject to bias based on the nature and quality of historical data. This statement means that if the platform maintainers did not collect and sort the data neatly and properly, or even mixed the information on fraud transactions with the information on normal ones, that is likely to cause a big bias in the results of the model.

But if you have enough data that is well-structured and not biased, if your business logic is paired nicely with the Machine Learning model, the chances are very high that fraud detection will work best for your safety.

Read full article here: https://spd.group/machine-learning/credit-card-fraud-detection/

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Roman Chuprina
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