Here we try to mention the characteristics of famous pistachio cultivars in the world with a focus on two important producing countries, namely Iran and the United States, and also explain the characteristics of other types of pistachios in other producing countries.
Important countries producing pistachios...
In Iran, 3 bases of P. vera (domestic pistachio), P. khinjuk (chatlanqush) and P. mutica (coriander) are used for pistachio cultivation. The use of 2 bases of pistachio and chutney in Iranian pistachio orchards is very small and in more than 99% of pistachio orchards in the country, domestic pistachio rootstock is used. The base of domestic pistachio cultivated in Iran is usually almond zarand. After planting the base and reaching the transplant age, the famous cultivars are transplanted on it. An important feature of the rootstock is the resistance to pistachio root-producing nematodes. The base of the chanterelle is said to be well resistant to drought.
In other parts of the world, P. terebintus, P. atlantica, P. integerrima, UCBI, PGI and PGII are used. The three bases of UCBI, PGI, and PGII are the result of intergenerational programs and the result of a cross between P. atlantica and P. integerrima species.
P. atlantica base is one of the most common bases used in California due to its high resistance to cold. The problem with this foundation is its sensitivity to vertigo. Recently, the use of P. integerrima rootstock has been strengthened in Venezuelan programs due to its resistance to verticillium wilt.
Iran, the United States, Turkey, China, Syria, Greece, Italy, Afghanistan, Tunisia and Spain are the top 10 pistachio producers in the world. Given that the United States has a high domestic consumption, Iran is the largest exporter of pistachios. Other pistachio-producing countries include Madagascar, Australia, Kyrgyzstan, Jordan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Ivory Coast, Morocco and Mexico.
Types of classification and types of pistachios in Iran
Iran has more than 70 varieties and pistachio genotypes of females and a large number of male genotypes and is one of the most important sources of pistachio germ germ in the world. The most famous types of pistachios in Iran are: Koleghoochi, Akbari, Mumtaz, Badami Zarand, Sefid Pistachio Nogh, Ahmad Aghaei, Ouhadi, Khanjari Damghan, Shahpasand Damghan and pistachio Qazvini.
There are different classifications for different types of Iranian pistachios. In a general classification, pistachio varieties are grouped into two categories: hazelnut and almond. For example, the cultivars of Koleghoochi and Ouhadi are classified in the hazelnut group and Akbari cultivars, Ahmad Aghaei, Mumtaz and Sefid pistachios are classified in the almond group.
In another classification, pistachios are classified into three groups: early flowering, medium flowering, and late flowering in terms of flowering time. For example, white pistachio cultivars Nooghi and Kole Ghouchi in Zodgol group, Ouhadi cultivars, Ahmad Aghaei and Badami Zarand in the middle flower group and Qazvini and Akbari cultivars in the late flowering group are classified.
In the third division, pistachios are classified into 5 groups in terms of time of arrival: 5 very early, early, medium clay, late and very late. For example, very early Qazvini cultivars in the very early group, Ouhadi and Qazvini early cultivars in the early group, Kole Ghouchi, Khanjari and Shahpasand Damghan and Badami cultivars in the middle clay group, Ahmad Aghaei and Akbari cultivars in the late group and Ebrahimi and Jandaghi cultivars in the group. They are too late. Very early cultivars can be harvested until 31 August, early cultivars 1 to 10 September, medium clay cultivars 11 to 20 September, late cultivars 21-31 September and very late cultivars 1 to 10 October.
Characteristics of the most famous pistachio cultivars in Iran
Unicorn or hazelnut: The shape of a spherical fruit (hazelnut), the percentage of laughter is very high, the surface color of the purple brain and the color of the bone skin is cream.
jumbo pistachio: jumbo pistachio is Hazelnut fruit shape, medium laughter percentage, reddish-gray upper surface and medium white bone skin color with medium opacity.
Ahmad Aghaei pistachio: the shape of a rectangular fruit (almond), high percentage of laughter, purple surface color and very light bone skin color.
Akbari Pistachio: Almond fruit shape, high percentage of laughter, brownish purple surface and dark cream bone skin color.
Unfortunately, Akbarim pistachios in Iran do not have specific cultivars of the male tree, and the males are usually classified with the terms early flowering, medium flowering, and late flowering. In Iranian orchards, the ratio of the number of male trees to the number of female trees is about 1 to 15 to 1 to 25.
Pistachio base selection in pistachio cultivation
In pistachio cultivation, selecting the base as the root system of the plant is very important.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistachio
