A beautiful smile surely enhances the individual’s self-confidence. The esthetics of smile though majorly influenced by the color, shape, and position of the teeth, is also influenced by the color of the gingival tissues. The color of gingiva is influenced by the vascular supply, thickness and degree of keratinization of the epithelium, and presence of various pigments. Among these, the major factor contributing to the color of gingiva is melanin. Gingival hyperpigmentation does not pose any medical problem, but many patients may consider this an esthetic problem, particularly patients who have excessive gingival display or gummy smile. The most common cause is physiologic pigmentation i.e. melanin production, although some adverse habits such as smoking can further stimulate melanin pigmentation, and so intensity of pigmentation is also related to the duration of smoking and number of cigarettes consumed.
Treatment Modalities Gingival depigmentation is a treatment to remove melanin hyperpigmentation of the gingiva and various methods have been used for this procedure with different degrees of success including gingivectomy, gingivectomy with free gingival autografting, acellular dermal matrix allograft, electrosurgery, cryosurgery and abrasion with diamond bur. The drawbacks of these techniques are intraoperative and post-operative bleeding, need for anaesthesia, need of periodontal pack/dressing, risk of post-operative infection, edema etc.
Laser with different wavelengths have been used easily with well-tolerated and good esthetic outcomes. In depigmentation process the epithelial tissue exhibiting excessive melanin pigments is ablated using diode lasers. PIOON Laser offers various wavelengths that can either be used in contact or non-contact manner to perform this procedure. In the present case only topical anesthesia was applied, wavelength of 980nm was used in contact mode in scrapping motion at ablative settings for removal of the pigmented epithelium and a part of connective tissue, leaving behind the rest of connective tissue intact. After the procedure, laser bandage was done, postoperative instructions were given and patient was kept on follow up.
Hanaa M. El Shenawy et al in 2015 used 980nm wavelength and concluded that the use of diode laser is a safe and effective treatment modality that provides optimal aesthetics with minimal discomfort in patients with gingival hyperpigmentation. Eser Elemek in 2018 also suggested that the use of 810nm diode laser for gingival depigmentation resulted in complete healing with maximum esthetic outcome and minimum patient discomfort.
Rationale behind Use of Lasers Laser is absorbed by pigments (melanin and haemoglobin) in the soft tissue, thus making it an excellent modality for depigmentation procedure with minimal amount of bleeding. It also offers easy handling of tissues, less chairside time, potential decontamination and sterilization. It also forms protein coagulum on the wound surface which act as a biological wound dressing, sealing the ends of sensory nerve endings hence obsoleting the need of periodontal packs/dressings, thereby making the aesthetic laser treatment more acceptable for the patients.
Conclusion The use of a diode laser is a safe, effective, quick, and minimally invasive. They provide optimal aesthetics with reduced discomfort to the patients during and after procedure.
References - Hanaa M. El Shenawy et al. Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Diode Laser for Esthetical Purposes. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2015 Sep 15; 3(3): 447–454 and Eser Elemek. Gingival melanin depigmentation by 810 nm diode laser. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:149-52.
Preoperative View (Courtesy- Dr. Sana Farista)
Postoperative View (Courtesy- Dr. Sana Farista)
Introduction- Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure designed to increase the extent of supra-gingival tooth structure for esthetic and restorative purposes.
Esthetic crown lengthening is usually done in the anterior esthetic zone of oral cavity, where the major concern is to reduce excessive gingival display and increase the clinical crown height.
Crown lengthening can be limited to soft tissue only, or both soft and hard tissue can be contoured.Indications- There are several indications including: restorative needs, to increase clinical crown height lost due to caries, fracture or wear, to access sub-gingival caries, to access a perforation in the coronal third of the root, to relocate margins of restorations that are impinging on biological width, esthetics, short teeth, uneven gingival contour and gummy smile.Treatment Modality- Crown lengthening procedure can accomplished either by the use of a periodontal knife/scalpel, rotary coarse diamond bur, electrosurgery etc.
These techniques have certain disadvantages like surgical trauma, postoperative pain and swelling, bleeding during surgery, poor patient acceptance and also coronal migration of the soft tissue margins is seen during healing which makes it difficult for recording the finish lines after the tooth preparation.With recent advancements, conventional techniques are replaced by LASERS which offers a relatively bloodless surgical procedure, sterilization of the wound site, minimal swelling, reduction of surgical time, high patient acceptance, reduced postoperative pain and much lesser need of post-operative medications.PIOON Laser offers different wavelengths like 450nm/810nm or 980nm.
Out of which 450nm can used in non-contact or contact mode whereas 810nm and 980nm are used in contact mode in order to perform a crown lengthening procedure.
The most desirable among them is 450nm wavelength due to faster cutting and lesser thermal damage due to non-contact mode of operation.In the present case, clinical and radiographic evaluation revealed adequate keratinized gingiva, presence of sub-gingival caries and inadequate tooth structure on the lingual side of lower left first molar.
The Diode Medical Laser market research report provides the latest industry data, growth, key segments and future trends on the basis of the detailed study.
This market report also allows you to identify the future opportunity and growth rate of the leading segment based on regions and countries.The report also covers detailed competitive landscape including company profiles of key players operating in the global market.
The key players in the diode medical laser market include Alma Laser, BioLase, Cutera, Cynosure, Dornier MedTech, Fotona, IRIDEX, Lumenis, Quanta System, Spectranetics, Syneron Candela, Topcon and ZEISS among others.
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Increasing geriatric population and rising prevalence of eye disorders are also fueling the market growth.
Shifting focus towards improving aesthetics is accelerating demand of medical lasers.
