Satellite communications (SATCOM) play a crucial role in the global space sector, particularly in the telecommunication industry. However, SATCOM is highly vulnerable to attacks which interfere with the communication signals. Most countries which have counterspace capabilities, such as China, Russia, North Korea, have demonstrated such capabilities of interfering with satellite communications. For instance, Russia has several types of mobile electronic warfare systems, some of which can jam specific satellite communications user terminals within tactical ranges. According to the Defense Intelligence Agency Report 2019, China is creating jammers to target SATCOM over a range of frequency bands, which includes military protected extremely high-frequency communications.
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In order to secure and protect satellite communications, satellites are equipped with anti-jamming and anti-spoofing capabilities. For instance, ViaSat, a global communications company, developed a system for the network to identify the threat, and began putting those bits into a bitbucket, so the network does not attempt to deliver them. In addition to this, the company’s next-generation satellite’s security infrastructure will include distributed cybersensors, visualization techniques, and enhanced automation of attack response.
Furthermore, the Lockheed Martin has developed the Advanced Extremely High Frequency System (AEHF) for satellite communications. AEHF satellite systems are developed with nuclear-hardened communications satellites which have the capability to avert any high-tech jamming, eavesdropping, and cyberattacks, thus providing secured communications. These satellites offer a wide global coverage which allows data-transfer capabilities and promote increased flexibility during worldwide military operations.
Majority of the companies preferred a balanced mix of organic strategies, such as product launches, and inorganic strategies such as partnerships, to increase their reach and gain customer base. It is well observed that the partnerships, agreements, and contracts related to counterspace security is significantly high among each company, as it requires huge investment which is often carried by defense agencies for a specific counterspace security measure. The subsequent segments provide an overview of the key strategies and developments of the global counterspace security market from January 2017 to April 2020 and highlight the potential reach present for each strategy in counterspace security market.
Space-related industries contribute significant portion of development for a country, either through technology or economy. Activities around space create high economic value for a country. import and export of services have resulted in several transitions among developed and developing economies. The space industry includes manufacturing, launches, services and information exchange. The increasing importance of space technology have resulted in possible number of threats that can disrupt the ongoing space operations involving loss of invested capital and important information. During the initial years of development around counterspace security, the primary focus of companies was on developing threat-based security measures.
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The decreasing cost of services for space solutions resulted in an increase in demand of counterspace security measures globally. It also increased the intensity of threats that can be created to hamper the space-based services. Countries therefore have increased their spending on space security capabilities. Countries such as the U.S., Russia, China are investing significantly in military capabilities to destroy any space threat. Such counterspace security systems can be deployed in space or could be fixed in ground stations aimed at possible threats.
With the increase in potential threats in the space domain, the space industry is increasing its strategic utility, thus motivating various stakeholders including government, space agencies, and private companies to develop dedicated and next generation counterspace security products. The U.S., China, Russia, and recently India, are among the countries with counterspace security capabilities to defend all these four types of threats. Iran, Israel, Japan, and North Korea have the requisite technology to counter the space-based threats and enter this elite group of countries in near future.
The space sector is becoming an increasing vital enabler for military and commercial applications used by economic powers of the world.
Several countries are procuring satellites to support and enhance their military sector.
With an increase in space activities and operations, there have also been an increase in space assets, such as satellite systems.
They also vary in how they are employed and how challenging they are to detect.
Counterspace security includes co-orbital systems, non-kinetic physical systems, space-based electronic warfare, space situational awareness, and cybersecurity.The decreasing cost of services for space solutions resulted in an increase in demand of counterspace security measures globally.
It also increased the intensity of threats that can be created to hamper the space-based services.
