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REVIEW ON RESEARCH FOR DESULPHURIZATION OF DIESEL BY ADSORPTION

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jun sakura

The use of environmentally benign fuels requires the removal of organosulfur compounds present in various petroleum fractions because these compounds are known to contribute to air pollution and acid rain by sulfur oxides[1] The issues of gasoline and diesel deep desulfurization desulfurization activated carbonare becoming more serious because crude oils refined in various countries are becoming higher in sulfur content and heavier in density, while the regulated sulfur limits are becoming lower and lower[2].Sulphur and its organic homologues are undesirable in the liquid fuels due to the cause of environmental pollution and hindrance in a variety of refining processes e.g. catalyst poisoning during catalytic hydro treatment, resistance to octane boosting and corrosion of the equipments . Desulphurization has therefore become an unavoidable process for the refineries [3]. sulfur removal from petroleum and its products is of paramount importance, and adsorption plays an important role in desulfurization of petroleum[5]The poor quality of crude oil obviously leads to high sulfur contents of oil products, and the technology for desulfurization of crude oil is urgently needed so that the sulfur contents in petroleum product could be reduced from the root[6].Increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations mean that motor fuel producers must improve their existing technology and to start considering alternative means of isolating sulphur from crude oil. Adsorption is a process that can be applied for crude oil desulphurization [7]. The removal of organosuplur compound from diesel fuel is a important aspect of all countries to reduce pollution by reducing the emission of toxic gases such as sulphur oxides and other polluted materials [8].Desulfurization of diesel fuel is gaining worldwide interest among the researchers. This is due to stern regulations and fuel specifications adopted in many countries for checking environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust gases [9]. In diesel, the primary sulfur compounds that need to be removed in reducing its sulfur content are comprised of benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and their alkyl derivatives [10] Ultra-low sulfur fuel is needed for several applications in which the total sulfur content should be substantially lower than 10 ppmw. An example of such a process is hydrogen production via reforming of fossil liquid fuel [11]. Desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels has lately become one of the most important processes in petroleum refining. Increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations mean that motor fuel producers must improve their existing technology and to start considering alternative ways of removing sulfur from fuels [12]. Adsorption is one of the most promising processes for deep desulfurization of diesel fuels. This process is effective in the selective removal of low-concentration materials from liquids. The fuel is brought in contact with a solid adsorbent which selectively adsorbs sulfur containing compounds [13]. The petroleum refining industry, perceived as one of the largest sources of pollution, both direct and indirect via motor exhaust fumes, is on the front line of the battle for achieving environmentally friendly and sustainable operation [14]. Increasing concerns on the air quality regulation have urged the petroleum refining industry to produce cleaner products by removing heteroatoms containing molecules from their major products, diesel and gasoline [15]. Production of diesel oil with low sulfur content in the petroleum refineries is highly driven by the environmental legislations and air quality standards to minimize the environmental hazards and health problems associated with the direct emissions from the diesel powered vehicles.  coconut shell activated carbonsSuch emission might contain particulate matter (PM) and toxic gases such as NOx, SOx, and CO [16]. Deep desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is becoming an important subject worldwide. The desulfurization performance of sold super acid type adsorbent (sulphated alumina) for commercial kerosene was evaluated on batch system and on continuous flow system [17]. 

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