Surface chemical modification is to use the functional groups in the modifier molecule and the active points on the surface of the heavy calcium carbonate powder to carry out chemical reactions or chemical adsorption, so that the modifier is coated on the surface of the heavy calcium carbonate particles to enhance the heavy carbonic acid. The compatibility and dispersibility of calcium with the filled organic matrix, thereby improving the processing performance and physical and mechanical properties of composite materials, is one of the most important modification methods in the industrial production of heavy calcium carbonate.
Commonly used surface modifiers for surface chemical modification of heavy calcium carbonate include "stearic acid (salt), titanate coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent, composite coupling agent and polymer".
1. Stearic acid (salt)
Stearic acid (salt) is the most commonly used surface modifier for calcium carbonate. The dry process can directly add stearic acid, and the wet process must first saponify stearic acid or use stearate, such as sodium stearate.
In order to better disperse stearic acid and evenly interact with calcium carbonate particles, stearic acid can also be diluted with a solvent (such as absolute ethanol) in advance, and other additives can be added in appropriate amounts during modification.
For example: Southeast New Materials Co., Ltd. uses stearic acid wet grinding to prepare modified heavy calcium carbonate, which has good dispersibility and compatibility in organic resins, and the performance of the products is greatly improved.
The activated calcium carbonate modified with stearic acid (salt) is mainly used for filling PVC plastics, cable materials, adhesives, inks, coatings, etc.
(2) Titanate coupling agent
The molecular structure of titanate coupling agent is divided into 6 functional areas, each of which has its own characteristics. After understanding its characteristics, you can flexibly select titanate coupling agents that can meet various requirements according to the characteristics and application fields of the powder to be processed.
Titanate coupling agents are divided into monoalkoxy type, chelating type, and coordination type: the monoalkoxy type is characterized by multi-functionality and a wide range of applications. It is mainly suitable for processing dry calcium carbonate powder. The chelating type contains ethylene glycol chelating group and is suitable for surface modification of calcium carbonate powder with a certain water content. The coordination type has good water resistance, most of which are insoluble in water and do not undergo transesterification reaction. It is suitable for surface modification of various powders.
The calcium carbonate treated with titanate coupling agent has good compatibility with polymer molecules. At the same time, because the titanate coupling agent can form a molecular bridge between calcium carbonate molecules and polymer molecules, it enhances the interaction between organic polymers or resins and calcium carbonate, and can improve the thermal plastic filling composite material Mechanical properties, such as impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and elongation. Compared with the untreated calcium carbonate filler or the calcium carbonate treated with stearic acid (salt), the properties of the modified calcium carbonate coated with titanate coupling agent surface are significantly improved.
In order to improve the uniformity of the interaction between titanate coupling agent and calcium carbonate, inert solvents, such as liquid paraffin (white oil), petroleum ether, transformer oil, absolute ethanol, etc., are generally used for dissolution and dilution. If continuous surface modification equipment is used, such as SLG continuous powder surface modifier, it is not necessary to pre-dilute the titanate-coupling agent with solvent.
(3) Aluminate coupling agent
Aluminate coupling agents were rarely used because of easy hydrolysis. In recent years, the aluminate produced by the manufacturer has adopted a special structure that partially meets the coordination number of the central aluminum atom, which greatly improves the product quality.
The aluminate coupling agent has the advantages of light color, non-toxic, solid at room temperature, high thermal stability, and convenient use. At the same time, the aluminate coupling agent itself has a certain degree of lubricating and plasticizing effect, so it is good for the surface of heavy calcium carbonate. Modification, the modification effect of aluminate coupling agent is better than silane coupling agent and titanate coupling agent.
Heavy calcium carbonate modified by aluminate coupling agent is often used to fill polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, rigid polyurethane elastomers and other systems. While increasing the filling amount, the resulting products still have good physical and application properties, and are extremely greatly reduce costs.
(4) Compound coupling agent
Compound coupling modifier modification is based on coupling agent, combined with other processing modifiers, surface treatment agents, and cross-linking agents to perform compound modification treatment on the surface of heavy calcium carbonate. To modify the heavy calcium carbonate, select two or more modifiers at the same time, and give play to the advantages of each modifier, so that the modification effect of heavy calcium carbonate is excellent, and it can satisfy various functionalization, the need for specialization.
For example, Yangzhou Tianli Non-metallic Materials Co., Ltd. uses aluminate, titanate coupling agent, and stearic acid to modify heavy calcium carbonate, and uses this heavy calcium carbonate composite filler to prepare PVC cable materials and resistance. Combustion masterbatch has excellent performance, and the use of compound modifiers will become one of the development trends in surface modification of heavy calcium carbonate.
(5) Polymer modifier
Polymer coating modification includes two types: reactive cellulose surface treatment and graft polymer surface treatment.
Reactive cellulose surface treatment is to combine reactive fibers on the surface of heavy calcium carbonate to form a surface modification layer to achieve the purpose of surface modification.
The graft polymerization coating method uses the active points on the surface of the heavy calcium carbonate to carry out the polymerization coating reaction. The polymerized organic polymer matrix is coated on the surface of the heavy calcium carbonate particles to prevent the agglomeration of the heavy calcium carbonate and improve dispersion stability. The similarity between the surface of the heavy calcium carbonate treated by graft polymerization and the surface of the organic polymer material is improved, and the polarity of the surface of the heavy calcium carbonate particles is reduced.
The surface hydroxyl groups of heavy calcium carbonate are used for graft polymerization to obtain modified heavy calcium carbonate. The monomer and pretreatment method of polymerization should be selected according to the properties of the host resin, so that the structure of the host resin and the carrier resin are similar or the same, increase the compatibility between modified heavy calcium carbonate and the main resin.
BOC Sciences can carry out PEG modification and functionalization on the surface of various biomaterials. The featured products are various PEG derivatives and copolymers with different reactive groups. The company can select the right PEGylate reagents for the materials provided according to the customer's needs, and provide high coverage PEG coating.
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