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Accounting Guide for Construction Contractors

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Bottrell Builders
Accounting Guide for Construction Contractors

How a construction contractor records taxable income and deductible expenses is determined by his or her choice of accounting method. Most construction companies use a collection method.

Contents:

  • General and administrative costs (G&A)
  • Labor cost
  • Cash method
  • Collection method
  • Types of special accumulation methods

How a construction contractor records taxable income and deductible expenses is determined by his or her choice of accounting method. Most construction companies use the accumulation method. The accounting method is based on the size of the company and the duration of the contract. A construction contractor must identify costs as two basic categories: labor costs, and general and administrative (G&A) costs.

General and Administrative Costs (G&A)

G&A costs are the day-to-day administrative expenses of a business operation that cannot be attributed to a particular job. It includes items such as office expenses and utilities.

However, certain administrative expenses are sometimes thought of as indirect labor costs rather than as G&A costs. These are operating costs that may be associated with a particular contract. For example, advertising expenses to sell a particular property can be thought of as indirect employment costs. Other advertising expenses are still classified as G&A costs.

Labor Cost

Labor costs are expenses that are directly or indirectly related to a particular construction project. Subcontractor payments, direct labor, and materials are direct costs.

Indirect labor costs are administrative costs required to fulfill a contract. Whether a contractor calculates these costs as indirect labor costs or includes G&A costs depends on the size of the contractor and the sophistication of the accounting system.

Cash Method

Small construction companies often use cash accounting methods. Under this method, cash receipts are recorded as income when payment is received. Expenses are deducted when paid.

A construction contractor is not allowed to use the cash method if the business is a company or a partnership with a corporate partner. The cash method is also not allowed for construction contractors with annual gross income in excess of US $ 10 million. This restriction has no exceptions.

In addition, construction contractors can be deducted from the use of the cash method, if the total purchase of "goods" for the year is "large" compared to annual gross income. Merchandise is any item that is physically incorporated into a product for a customer. For the construction industry, goods are usually called materials, such as wood or concrete. Merchandise is generally considered large when at least 10 to 15% of gross revenue for the year is discovered. This percentage has not been established by law but has been used in a number of judicial cases.

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