Buildings have significant environmental effects over their life cycles, from architecture to building, use, refurbishment and adaptation, and demolition and disposal 1,2. Several surveys have shown that the use of traditional construction materials has a detrimental effect on the environment.
Natural construction materials are being used in several countries, including the United Kingdom and Ireland, since they provide various alternatives. Hemp seems to be an emerging alternative green material among the natural building materials currently available. Although seldom used in the built environment in countries such as South Africa, it has demonstrated surprisingly high longevity and eco-friendliness elsewhere.
The study discovered that there seems to be a lack of awareness and use of Hemp as an alternate ingredient of building materials in South Africa.
According to the report, expectations of high prices and regulatory constraints hinder the use of Hemp in the South African construction industry.
Daniel Roberts aims to look at the possible benefits of Hemp as an alternate ingredient in building materials and its long-term viability. It also aims to establish the level of awareness of Hemp as an alternate green commodity among selected industry players. Hemp Construction The hemp plant, which is native to Central Asia, is a Cannabis Sativa genus, including marijuana 4, 5.
The critical distinction between Hemp and marijuana is the amount of tetrahydrocannabinol THC present. The THC content of Hemp is calculated to be about 0.3 percent and is considered insufficient to induce any physical or psychological effects compared to marijuana, which ranges from 15-20 percent.
Even though Hemp and marijuana are plant relatives, the two plants are grown for different purposes. Because of Hemp's environmentally friendly qualities, the Chinese building industry began using hemp pulp to make internal and external floor coverings, composite insulation, and lightweight sheets.
Nonetheless, the South African government recently granted permits for the cultivation of 700 hectares of Hemp for research purposes in the region.
About the fact that Hemp is not widely grown in South Africa, proposals are in the works to establish a hemp fair trade framework. Since it is a green and environmentally sustainable product, Hemp is becoming a significant choice in the quest for natural construction materials. Hemp is used in various products, including hempcrete, hemp tiles, and hemp plants.
Hempcrete
Hempcrete is a lightweight, insulating, and breathable composite made by combining hemp-shives with a lime-based binder and water. Because of this combination, hempcrete has mechanical and acoustic properties that vary from those of standard concrete. The lime contains additives such as pozzolan, an aluminous substance with few to no cementitious properties.
The use of highly reactive aggregates in standard concrete often causes it to fail. Still, evidence suggests that the use of pozzolan is highly beneficial and that it is a strength and longevity boosting additive. Hempcrete can be used to make insulation quilts, boards, and roofs, as well as screed, mortar, and insulation plaster that can be cast or sprayed over.
Hemp Bricks
Like hempcrete, hemp shives are combined and poured onto a timber structure to set and shape bricks. In contrast to traditional brickwork, these types of bricks are relatively simple to work with. The lime in the mixture binds the brick together and prevents water intrusion from the exposed surface to natural moisture.
Hemp-based Paints
Hemp seed is used in several products, including body care, pharmaceuticals, industrial oils, and paints. Hemp paints have excellent coloring and toughness properties. In contrast, most traditional paints and wood preservative finishes have a high percentage of volatile organic compound VOC, which is toxic to the setting. Hemp oils have a natural finish as well as increased safety with a low VOC standard. We examined a case analysis of the first hemp-built house in South Africa.
Hemp houses are uncommon in South Africa, providing an opportunity to learn more about using Hemp as a part of sustainable building materials.
We also sent a formal questionnaire to ten builders and ten architects to gather information and opinions on climate change and Hemp from the respondents. We used simple descriptive statistics to analyze data from the questionnaires.
We used Hemp-based building materials to construct the house's components.
Foundations
On the steep plot, we used a hemp strip base.
Hempcrete walls
300mm thick walls were constructed from shutter boards and a timber frame. The hempcrete mixture, which included 100 liters of Hemp, 25 kg of binder, and 27 liters of water, was cast onto the boards in 40 – 50cm layers at a time. The hempcrete mixture creates walls that are breathable, organic, insulating, light, and long-lasting.
The walls were insulated with Hemp, plastered with hemp screed, and polished with lead-free, zero VOC eco-paint. Since hempcrete walls are lighter and more resilient than masonry walls, this case study shows that replacing masonry walls with hempcrete walls could save money. When it comes to hempcrete constructs, durability seems to be a guarantee. We prioritized performance because the indoor paint finishes were made of zero VOC release eco-paint.
Roof
We removed plant matter from the land where the house is constructed and put it on the roof. This saves the lawn and helps the roof insulate the house in the winter and cool it in the summer, minimizing the amount of energy needed to heat and cool the house.
Doors
The windows in this home are double-glazed and have an automatic opening mechanism linked to a thermostat. The thermostat also aids in temperature regulation by opening windows on the colder or hotter side of the building, depending on the season.
The characteristics mentioned above suggest that the hemp house's architecture took into account as many green elements as possible to make the house more environmentally friendly.
In terms of career experience, the majority (66.67 percent) of the 20 respondents had more than five years in the construction industry, with 16.67 percent having more than 20 years. We investigated the level of comprehension and awareness of certain facets of the philosophy of green building, and we recorded the findings.
The Takeaway
The key results of the observational study showed that, while the majority of respondents are aware of what Hemp is, they do not seem to be aware of the building methods associated with it. This shows the plant's limited use in the South African building industry. The majority of respondents accepted that hemp farming should be legalized in South Africa, indicating that carbon capturing practitioners want to see the building industry progress toward sustainable construction.
The majority of respondents were unsure if the low use of Hemp in the South African building industry can be due to the plant's high prices. However, most respondents believe that the South African government should reconsider changing the legal status of Hemp in the country and allowing its production.
According to the results, there is awareness in the construction industry about the use of Hemp as a renewable factor in building materials. Still, the knowledge is minimal and therefore not effectively applied. South Africa has only one hemp-built home, and the case study results indicate that it has numerous environmental benefits.
Based on the results, the study concludes that Hemp's use as an alternative ingredient in building materials is still minimal. Continuous professional development of people currently employed in the construction industry regarding the benefits and applications of Hemp is needed. It is also suggested that the Green Building Council of South Africa campaign for the legalization of hemp farming in South Africa and emphasize the properties and advantages of Hemp.
Continuous assessment of the success of the case study examined is needed to keep track of the house's financial and long-term performance. It is also suggested that a more in-depth analysis of the financial or expense ramifications of the hemp-built house be conducted to get a clearer understanding of the costs involved in building and upkeep. Similar trials can be conducted in other countries to determine the results.
Louie is the father behind the travel blog Browseeverywhere.com. He has a background in photography, E-commerce, and writing product reviews online at ConsumerReviews24. Traveling full time with his family was his ultimate past-time. If he's not typing at his laptop, you can probably find him watching movies.
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According to a research report "Cognitive Assessment and Training Market by Assessment Type (Pen- and Paper-Based, Hosted, Biometrics), Component, Application (Clinical Trial, Screening & Diagnostics, Brain Training, Academic Research), Vertical, and Region - Global Forecast to 2021", published by MarketsandMarkets, the cognitive assessment and training market size is expected to grow from USD 1.98 Billion in 2016 to USD 8.06 Billion by 2021, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 32.3%.Browse 63 market data tables and 47 figures spread through 150 pages and in-depth TOC on "Cognitive Assessment and Training Market - Global Forecast to 2021"The major forces driving this market are aging global population, increasing awareness about brain fitness, and advancements in technology.
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The new generation in this region is more concerned toward the benefits of cognitive training, which is not just limited to patients with cognitive dysfunctions.
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The latest trending report Global Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025 offered by DecisionDatabases.com is an informative study covering the market with detailed analysis.
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