Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles have experienced dynamic technological advancements over the last few decades. The technological advancement in operating range, capabilities, and size largely pave the way for various growth opportunities for the defense and commercial sectors. The concept of usage of drones has been quite old as in the year 1839, the Austrian army used unmanned hot air balloons for combat mission. Since then, UAVs have undergone several technological advancements that results in considerable reduction in weight, size, and cost, enhanced battery life, and increased degree of autonomy in its operation.
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Initially, the drones took fleet for a short range of about 1Km distance from controller. In other words, the remote pilot had direct eye contact with the drones. This operating range of drones and UAVs is popularly known as visual line of sight (VLOS). But about an over the decade, the need for operating drones beyond VLOS range is proliferating due to increasing in demand from commercial applications such as package delivery, critical infrastructure inspection (rail, oil and gas, windmill), and others. These applications cannot perform at their fullest with drones operating in VLOS operations.
In VLOS, the operating range for drones is less than 1km while the drones goes beyond the 1km of range, it enters into the BVLOS range. For operating drones in BVLOS range, there are various restrictions imposed by the aviation department in various countries. Each country has its own set of rules for drone operations. For instance, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the regulatory body for American Civil Aviation. The authority creates regulations for the use of drones in commercial applications. For operating UAVs in BVLOS for commercial applications, the operator has to take clearance certificate and after obtaining the certificate, there are also certain restrictions related to flying range and height of UAVs.
There are some specific applications such as search and rescue, package delivery, inspection, and border patrol which can be performed through BVLOS operations. In military and government applications, the drones already fly in BVLOS range, while in commercial applications, the BVLOS operations are yet to commence by the year 2021. In most of countries, the BVLOS flights, as of now, are not permitted or they are highly regulated. According to FAA, in the year 2019, there are numerous applications which are emerging with regard to BVLOS operations in FAA.
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The autonomous BVLOS drone market is expected to witness a high growth rate during the forecast period 2019-2029 owing to the emergence of new commercial applications that specifically require BVLOS, increase in safety in commercial and military application, and considerable reduction in time and cost. However, stringent regulatory framework and inadequate supporting infrastructure and technologies act as the major challenges for the market. The rising demand for drone delivery in commercial domain is expected to create viable opportunities for the BVLOS drone market.
