Cholestasis is a condition that mainly affects people with chronic liver disease (cholestasis is simply a term used to indicate any condition where there is an abnormality in bile flow from the liver to the intestines). Symptoms of the condition include yellowing of eyes and skin, intense itching, lack of appetite, dark urine, nausea, and light-colored bowel movements. In this condition, the normal bile flow is decreased to a degree, leading to excessive accumulation of fat in the abdominal area. This causes a buildup of toxins (choline and amino acids) in the bile ducts. This can reduce the bile flow and result in a decrease in bile acid production and hence in the secretion of the essential digestive enzymes.
According to a retrospective cohort study performed of all the patients in the Swiss Inflammatory bowel disease Cohort, the prevalence of cholestasis was 7.15%. Cholestasis treatment includes self-care, medications, surgery, and medical procedures.
Self-Care
Cholestasis treatment with a self-care regime includes consuming foods containing low fat. Medium‐chain triglycerides may be recommended when initiating a fat‐restricted diet to prevent weight loss. Food with high protein such as dried beans and legumes, such as lentils and chickpeas, are recommended. Patients may also focus on whole foods, such as whole-grain bread.
Cholestasis Cholesterol Medication
Cholesterol retention can cause an increase in membrane cholesterol content and a reduction in membrane fluidity and membrane function, thereby amplifying the cholestasis. Cholestasis Treatment may focus on lowering the level of harmful cholesterol in the blood or increasing the levels of beneficial cholesterol.
New Medications
In July 2021, Albireo Pharma, Inc., a rare liver disease company, received the U.S. Food & Drug Administration approval for Bylvay (odevixibat), a non-systemic ileal bile acid transport inhibitor, for the treatment of pruritus in all subtypes of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis.
Targeted Cholestasis Treatment
In July 2021, Escient Pharmaceuticals, a clinical-stage company, announced positive results from a Phase 1 study of EP547, a new chemical entity, and potent MrgprX4 antagonist, being developed for the treatment of pruritus associated with cholestasis and uremia.
Surgery
Cholestasis treatment may involve the removal of the gallbladder. A cholecystectomy is a surgery to remove your gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common but major surgery. It carries a few risks and potential complications and may not be the best solution in particular situations
Laparoscopic surgery
Laparoscopic cholecystocolostomy offers a safe and effective treatment option for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis in children with success rates and minimal morbidity. This cholestasis treatment uses a video camera and thin tubes that are inserted into small cuts on the body to repair or remove tissue.
Cholestasis Biliary Stenting
Endoscopic biliary stenting is an effective option in cholestasis treatment and its success rate generally exceeds 90%. The procedure has very low side effects, which in turn has prompted it as the method of the first choice to treat cholestasis in malignant or benign biliary obstruction or leakage of biliary fistulas.
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