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The Ultimate Guide To Genome Engineering

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shivanicmi
The Ultimate Guide To Genome Engineering

Genome engineering is the process of altering an organism or population of organisms by manipulating, modifying, and recombinant DNA or other nucleic acid molecules. The term "genetic engineering" is commonly used to refer to recombinant DNA technology methods that originated from fundamental microbial genetics research.

Genetic engineering techniques have resulted in the development of medically essential goods such as human insulin, human growth hormone, and the hepatitis B vaccination, as well as genetically modified species such as disease-resistant plants.

 

Genome Editing: In the Laboratory

Scientists are using genome editing to investigate a variety of human illnesses. Animal genomes, such as those of mice and zebrafish, are modified because they share many genes with humans. Mice and humans, for example, have 85% of their DNA in common! Scientists can observe how changes in a single gene or a group of genes affect a mouse's health and predict how similar changes in human genomes might affect human health.

The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is working on a project like this. For example, the Burgess lab is researching zebrafish genomes. This lab uses CRISPR to remove particular genes from zebrafish in order to see how their behavior is affected.

 

Genome Editing: Treating Disease

Scientists are working on gene therapies, or treatments that involve genome editing, to prevent and treat diseases in humans. Genome editing techniques offer the potential to aid in the treatment of diseases with a genetic basis, such as cystic fibrosis and diabetes. There are two types of gene therapies: germline therapy and somatic therapy. Mutations in the DNA of reproductive cells are caused by germline treatments (like sperm and eggs). Changes in the DNA of reproductive cells are passed down from generation to generation. Somatic therapies, on the other hand, target non-reproductive cells, with any alterations in these cells affecting only the person who receives the gene therapy.

Somatic gene therapy was successfully implemented when a one-year-old child named Layla in the United Kingdom underwent a gene-editing treatment to assist her fight leukemia, a type of sickness. These researchers utilized TALENs, an alternative genome editing technology, instead of CRISPR to cure Layla. Doctors had tried a number of drugs before this, but none of them seemed to work, so scientists were given special authorization to employ gene therapy to heal Layla. Because of this therapy, Layla's life was saved. Treatments like the one Layla received, on the other hand, are still being tested because scientists and legislators must still work through technological and ethical difficulties surrounding genome engineering.

Read more @ https://www.tradove.com/blog/Could-Article-Report-Be-The-Definitive-Answer-To-Your-Genome-Engineering.html

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