What is Pseudocode?
pseudocode is the plain English representation of a computer program or algorithm, which specifies the flow and operation of the program.
It is generally used to represent the structural flow of a program, and it is not associated with any specific programming language. The same quality makes it a perfect tool to represent algorithms for various problems.
Example
Code to check if the user entered number is odd or even:
C++ Programming
int main()
{
int num;
cout<<"Enter a number";
cin>>num;
if(num%2==0)
cout<<"Even Number";
else
cout<<"Odd Number";
}
Pseudocode
num :INPUT “Enter a number” IF num MOD 2 ===0 print “Even Number” ELSE print “Odd Number”
Pseudocode should not be considered a strict rule, as it does not follow strict systematic or standardized notation. However, there are some standard writing rules that all programmers follow. These are:
- Use uppercase letters for reserved commands or keywords. For example, when creating an IF ... ELSE statement, make sure that IF and ELSE are in uppercase.
- Write only one instruction per line.
- Use indentation on the block body. Separate the body of each component and indent the different parts of each block to indicate that those parts of the pseudocode fall into unintended sections.
- Be specific when writing the
statement and use simple English to provide a concrete explanation.
Pseudocode for Different Statements
Operators:
1. Assignment Operator:
=, <- or :=
2. Comparison Operator:
== , !=, <, >, <= , and >=
3. Arithmetic Operator:
+,-, *, /, MOD(%)
4. Logical Operator:
AND, NOT and OR
5. Sum, Product:
Σ Π
Special Keyword:
- START: To begin the pseudocode.
- INPUT: Take input from the user.
- PRINT: To print the output on the screen.
- READ/GET: Input format while reading data from the file.
- SET, INIT: Initialize a value.
- INCREMENT, BUMP: Increase the value of the variable, equivalent to a++.
- DECREMENT: Decrease the value of the variable, equivalent to a–.
- COMPUTE, CALCULATE, DETERMINE: To calculate the expression result.
Conditional Statements:
if
IF condition THEN if body ENDIF
if…else
IF condition THEN if body ELSE else body ENDIF
if…else if….else
IF condition statement THEN if body ELSE IF condition THEN else if statement ELSE else body ENDIF
Iterators:
for loops:
FOR initial_value TO end_value for body ENDFOR
Example:
FOR i -> 0 to 20 PRINT i ENDFOR
while loop
WHILE condition while body ENDWHILE
FizzBuzz Pseudocode
num : 1 FOR num -> 1 to 20 IF num MOD 15 ===0 PRINT “FizzBuzz” ELSE IF num MOD 3 ===0 PRINT “Fizz” ELSE IF num MOD 5===0 PRINT “Buzz” ELSE PRINT num ENDIF ENDFOR
Equivalent Python Code:
for num in range(1, 21): if num % 15 ==0: print("FizzBuzz") elif num %3 ==0: print("Fizz") elif num %5==0: print("Buzz") else: print(num)
Pseudocode to C++
Now let’s convert the above pseudocode to the equivalent C++ code.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
float length, width, area;
cout<<"Enter the length of the rectangle: "; cin>>length;
cout<<"Enter the width of the rectangle: "; cin>>width;
area = width*length;
cout<<"The area of the rectangle is "<<area;
}
Conclusion
There are no such strict rules for writing pseudocode, so programmers can write whatever they want, but they need to write it so that other developers can understand the algorithm.
All examples and syntax described here are traditional, and most programmers generally follow the same syntax. You can change the code as needed.
In the pseudocode example above, you can see that we are using the END word at the end of each component. However, you can replace it with curly braces {} if you wish.
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Take a look at the graph provided by PYPL and created by analyzing how often iOS programming language tutorials are searched on Google.
Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of developers create applications for iPhone and iPad using Objective-C. And, due to the immense popularity of the platform, they will certainly continue to develop them in the future.
A Swift vs. Objective-C side-by-side comparison
What should developers take away
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