Sodium amide, additionally called sodamide, is an inorganic compound with the system NaNH2. It’s a salt made from sodium cation and azide anion. This solid, which is dangerously reactive to water, is white, however, industrial samples are usually grey because of the presence of small quantities of steel iron from the producing process. Such impurities normally haven't any impact on the reagent’s utility.
It is a crystalline compound NaNH2 that decomposes explosively while uncovered in water, is usually produced via way of means of passing ammonia thru molten sodium, and is on the whole used withinside the manufacturing of sodium cyanide and in natural synthesis as a strongly primary condensing agent. In the fused state, NaNH2 conducts power in a way just like that of NaOH in a comparable state. NaNH2 has lengthy been used as a robust base in natural synthesis.
Properties
It’s a colorless, odorless solid. It is a greyish-white powder with an ammonia smell that reacts violently with water, acids, and halogenated compounds. Sodium amide can spontaneously ignite in wet or dry air at temperatures above 8420F. It’s extraordinarily corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.
Preparation and structure
Sodium amide may be made via way of means of reacting sodium with ammonia gas, however, it's also made in liquid ammonia with iron(III) nitrate as a catalyst. At the boiling factor of ammonia, about 33°C, the response is the quickest. As a response intermediate, an electrode, [Na(NH3)6]+e, is formed.
2 Na + 2 NH3 → 2 NaNH2 + H2
Because NaNH2 is a salt-like material, it crystallizes as an endless polymer. Sodium has a tetrahedral geometry. NaNH2 bureaucracy conductive answers in ammonia, which is constant with the presence of Na(NH3)6+ and NH2 ions.
When uncovered to air, heat, or garage for a prolonged duration of time, sodium amide will shape shock-touchy peroxides successfully in revealing decomposition. At 350°C, dry ammonia surpassed steel sodium to provide it. When it reacts with red-warm carbon, it produces sodium cyanide, and while it reacts with nitrogen(I) oxide, it produces sodium azide.
Uses
- In natural chemistry, sodium amide is on the whole used as a robust base, often in liquid ammonia solution. It is the favored reagent for ammonia drying (liquid or gaseous).
- One of the number one advantages of the usage of sodium amide is that it on the whole capabilities as a nucleophile.
- Sodium amide is part of the distinctly primary aggregate that induces cyclization of N-phenylglycine withinside the commercial manufacturing of indigo. The response generates ammonia, which is usually recycled.
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