What is a rig and how is it classified？

what is a drilling rig?

A drilling rig is a kind of mechanical equipment that carries out geological exploration to obtain physical underground geological data and drives the drilling tool to drill into the formation.

What are the uses of drilling rigs?

Drilling rigs are widely used in exploration or mineral resource development and are mechanical equipment that drives drilling tools to drill down and obtain physical geological data. It can be used to drill cores, ore cores, cuttings, gaseous samples, liquid samples, etc., to prove underground geology and mineral resources.

Classification of drilling rigs

According to different attributes, drilling rigs have different division methods:

According to the drilling method, drilling rigs can be divided into four categories:

1. Impact drilling rigs: wire rope impact drilling rigs and drill pipe impact drilling rigs.

2. Rotary drilling rig: vertical shaft type — handle feed type, helical differential feed type, hydraulic feed type drilling rig; Rotary table type — steel wire pressure and pressure type, hydraulic cylinder pressure and pressure type drilling rig; mobile gyrator type — Full hydraulic power head type, mechanical power head type drilling rig.

3. Vibration drilling rig.

4. Compound drilling rig: a drilling rig with functions such as vibration, impact, rotation, and static pressure combined in different combinations.

According to the classification of use, it can be roughly divided into the following types:

1. Core drilling rig.

2. Oil and natural gas drilling rigs.

3. Hydrogeological survey and water well drilling rig （small water well drilling rig, portable water well drilling rig).

4. Engineering geological exploration drilling rig.

5. Tunnel drilling rigs and engineering construction drilling rigs, etc.

6. Down the hole drilling rig (DTH drilling rig)

According to different feeding mechanisms, it can be divided into the following types:

1. Hydraulic feed drilling rig

2. Steel wire feeding drilling rig

3. Handle feed drilling rig

4. Helical differential feed drilling rig

5. Full hydraulic power head drilling rig

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Drilling rig maintenance method

1. Always pay attention to check the water and gas pipelines, and whether the bolts and nuts of the drilling rig accessories are firm;

2. Always pay attention to check the lubricating oil condition of the wind motor;

3. When the working surface is immersed in water, a large-diameter drill bit should be used to open the hole, and the drill pipe should be inserted so that the drill pipe is 1–2 meters above the water surface to prevent mud and slag from falling into the hole;

4. The drilling rig is not allowed to reverse during the drilling operation to prevent the drill pipe from falling into the hole;

5. When the drilling rig stops working in a short period of time, a small amount of air pressure should be given to prevent sediment from invading the inside of the drilling rig impactor. If the drilling rig operation is stopped for a long time, the impactor should be lifted 1–2 meters away from the bottom of the hole for fixing;

6. When working, pay attention to the sound of the impactor and the operation of the reducer. If abnormal sounds and phenomena are found, the machine should be stopped immediately and checked in time;

7. When adding a new drill pipe, pay attention to keeping the inside of the drill hole clean to avoid sand mixing into the drill hammer and damage to the drill parts;

8. At the end of each work shift, the dirt on the surface of the drilling rig must be cleaned up in time. Except for normal handling, it is strictly forbidden to dismantle and unload on the working surface.