Façades determine visual identity, character and expression of architecture. The design and enchanting exteriors of a building impart a character to it and is a huge parameter for building performance. Building façades lie at the convergence of the outward and inward environment, forming an integral part of the building. They are the most difficult to design since the perception of iconic and technologically advanced façades is changing frequently. Besides technology, materials like metal, glass, concrete etc., used for the building skin are an integral yet singular aspect of the façade design.The façade combines attributes of both appearance as well as superior performance in a manner unlike any other building system. I emphasise on the use of metal façades in residences due to the extremely beneficial properties of metal. Aesthetically speaking, metal offers a unique modern rhythmic aesthetic to compliment any building.The choice of material will be influenced by a number of project-specific factors, including desired aesthetic, climatic conditions, chosen structural system, the nature of adjacent materials and the construction budget. The most common material options for metal cladding are galvanized steel, aluminium, stainless steel, zinc, copper, titanium etc. Designers are researching and experimenting with new and complex façade and fenestration technologies.Investing in technologies like BIM allows designers distil options down to a set of criteria that meet the aesthetic ambitions of the project and its tactical requirements, ensuring that these are met with optimised environmental parameters.
There has been a slow but very perceptible shift from the use of traditional masonry towards the use of compelling automation in façade and fenestration. Motorized shades; switchable windows that modulate daylight and solar heat transmissions; model predictive controls for optimised performance end-user comfort and satisfaction; and acceptance of automated façade systems are the various ways automation is incorporated in façades.
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The elevation of a building or its façade is basically the frontal exterior view.
Balconies, overhangs, terraces, pergolas are some of the elements that add interest to the elevation.
Sometimes, elevation bands and fins are added to lend character to the façade.
Fins, being vertical strips, may also be placed at an angle such that they may partially cut off the glare and heat; without sacrificing natural light.
There are various types of elevation treatments.
Besides exterior paints, exposed brickwork is a commonly chosen façade treatment because of its low maintenance requirement.
