Neem based Pesticides: A Natural Solution to Farmers' Problems
History and Origin of Neem
Neem is native to the Indian subcontinent and has been used in India for over 2000 years. Every part of the neem tree such as seeds, bark, leaves, fruit and roots has been traditionally used for various purposes including pest control. Neem contains compounds such as azadirachtin, nimbin and sodium nimband that have insect repelling and feeding deterrent properties. These compounds make neem an effective and eco-friendly biopesticide.
Rise of Neem based Pesticides
With the increasing awareness about the toxicity of chemical pesticides, there was a need for safer and sustainable farming methods. This gave rise to neem based biopesticides which are derived from neem seeds, leaves and other parts. Neem based products soon became popular in India in the 1980s for controlling agricultural pests such as insects, fungi and nematodes. They were found to be effective substitutes for highly toxic synthetic pesticides. With strong growth over the past few decades, neem based products now account for over 70% of the biopesticide market in India.
Types of Neem based Pesticides
Neem pesticides are available in various forms for different uses -
- Neem oil or neem seed kernel extract is commonly used biopesticide prepared from neem seeds. It is effective against a wide range of sucking and biting insect pests.
- Neem cake is a byproduct obtained after oil extraction from neem seeds. It is used as organic fertilizer and also has pest repellent properties.
- Neem karaya or neem powder is made from neem leaves and used for controlling soil borne diseases and insects.
- Neem seed extracts or neem concentrates have higher concentration of azadirachtin and are often tank mixed with other products.
- Neem formulations also include neem garlands, neem seed creams and neem seed particulate preparations.
Benefits of Neem based Pest Control
Some key advantages of neem based pesticides are:
- Safer for environment - Neem extracts are biodegradable and do not harm beneficial insects or pollute soil and water. They causes less ecological damage compared to chemical pesticides.
- Non-toxic for humans - Neem compounds have very low mammalian toxicity so they are safe for farmers and consumers. Chemical residues are not left on food crops after application.
- Multiple benefits - Besides pest control, neem also improves soil fertility as neem cake enriches soil with nitrogen. It also increases crop yield and draws lesser production costs for farmers.
- Better alternatives - Neem is effective in controlling pests that have developed resistance to synthetic pesticides. It stops many common agricultural pests and diseases from spreading.
- Easy availability - Neem trees grow widely across India so neem products have good availability at lower costs compared to importing other biopesticides.
Market Growth and Future Outlook
Due to rising awareness and need for sustainable methods, the neem pesticides market in India and many other countries has grown multifold in the last 30 years. It was valued at over USD 350 million globally in 2019 according to statistics. India is the largest producer and exporter of neem extracts. Going forward, the market is expected to grow at 8-10% annually till 2030. Factors such as increasing organic farmland, support of government initiatives and neem's inherent strengths will drive further popularity of these products. Continuous research is also expanding applications of neem in non-agricultural areas like adulticides, larvicides and medicinal uses. Overall, neem based biopesticides are poised to play a major role in sustainable pest control solutions worldwide in the future.
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