Dating from 530 BC and describes the relationship between the sides of a right triangle on a flat surface, stating that the sum of the square of the length of the short sides b (“Hicks”) is equal to the square of the length of (“hypotenuse”) long side c. This theorem is particularly useful in the field of construction, but also in navigation to triangulate positions in police investigations to calculate the trajectory of a bullet or determine how far was the shooter or to find the location of a mobile phone triangulation. Logarithms Logarithms, presented by John Napier in 1610, they are the inverse (opposite) of the exponential functions. It is now used in many fields such as economics and banking, where it is used, for example, to measure the growth in time deposits; the advertising, to compile statistics of the advertising campaign; in biology, for statistical analysis of what a child will inherit genetic parent; in geology, to calculate the intensity of earthquakes; chemistry, for calculating the pH, etc. The law of gravity This law of classical physics, also called law of universal gravitation, was enunciated by Isaac Newton in 1687 and describes the mutual attractive force F experienced two bodies according to their respective masses m 1 and m 2, the distance separates r and gravitational constant G. Under this law, the greater the mass of bodies and the closer they are to each other, more strongly they attract. Theorem of polyhedrons of Euler The mathematician Leonhard Euler in 1751 published his “Theorem of polyhedrons,” which includes a formula for amazing results. The Maxwell equations Four differential equations that describe the behavior of the electric (E) and magnetic (H) and how they relate to each other.