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Types Of Dust Collection Systems: An Overview

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Molly Crowe
Types Of Dust Collection Systems: An Overview

Dust is the most common form of pollution. It can trigger an allergic response. To keep our homes clean and dust-free, we must regularly vacuum the entire space. However, when we talk about the same in the context of industries, then there is stringent regulation on dust control.


In specific industries, big and small, dust is created and released during certain operations. Besides dirtying the workplace, huge amounts of dust can clog and eventually damage equipment, and most importantly, cause health hazards in the workforce. Incorporating proper and effective dust collection systems is crucial in those industries. They also help in complying with the industrial emission standards.


As there are growing concerns about the alarming levels of air pollution, the manufacturers of dust collection systems too are required to strictly follow the guidelines laid down by the government to ensure the product's high efficiency.


What are dust collection systems?


They are devices that collect dust directly from the source where the dust is being produced. This is an effective way to collect most dust particles before they can mix into the air. Hence, dust collection systems are air pollution control systems used extensively in industries, commercial areas, and home workshops. They improve the quality of air by removing particulate matter from the surroundings. A 3-step process is followed, namely removing the dust particles from the air by capturing them, moving them to the collection centre, and finally collecting them for proper disposal later.


Types of dust collection systems:


The systems adopted by each industry depend on the quantity and quality of dust generated in their operations. All dust collection systems consist of ducts to suck in the polluted air, an air filter, and a receptacle to collect the impurities. However, there are several types of systems, and the difference among them is in the configuration of these basic elements that make up a dust control system.


Industries emit different types of pollutants and particulates, so the dust collection systems installed must have the same specifications to ensure that optimum levels of air purification at the workplace are achieved.


The most widely used categories of dust collection systems in the industrial sector are:


1. Baghouse dust collection systems


Long cylindrical fabric bags are employed to purify the polluted air at the workplace. The dust particles are collected in the bags, and the cleaned air is passed through filters and subsequently released outdoors or recirculated inside the workplace. Depending on the filter system used, baghouses can be classified as:


Shaker system


They are ideal for bigger pollutants such as wood shavings and chips. Once they are collected, the shakers are activated. The larger particles fall into the hopper due to the gravitational force, and the finer dust particles are sucked into the filter envelope. They can be motorised or operated manually.


Reverse flow


The cartridges in the system are cleaned by back flushing brought about by short bursts of compressed air.


Pulse-jet filter


The filters are cleaned by strong pulses of compressed air circulated within the bag.


2. Cyclone dust collection systems


They are effective for removing bigger particulates from flue gases. They do not use filters. Instead, a centrifugal force is used to separate particles. The heavier particles are collected in a receptacle at the bottom.


3. Wet scrubber dust collection systems


These dust collection systems efficiently remove dust particulates, gases, and vapours from the surroundings. The impurities are brought in contact with a scrubbing fluid, for example, water. Once mixed with water, it goes through an airstream, which deposits the particles at the bottom.


4. Cartridge dust collection systems


They use pleated filters and are extremely effective for separating fine and small dust particles. Also, due to the pleated design of the filters, they can cover large surface areas. So, these systems are more compact while being highly efficient.


Besides the above-mentioned dust collection systems, the other equally effective systems that are getting increasingly popular across the industrial sector are:

  • Needlepoint bipolar ionization
  • Ambient dust collection systems
  • Electrostatic precipitator system
  • Explosion-proof


Conclusion


The impurities in various industry operations negatively impact workers’ health and performance. So, all necessary steps must be taken to ensure that the best-suited dust collection systems are installed. These systems help in creating a positive and healthy work environment, that eventually helps in boosting the work productivity.

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