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Know the antibody immunity and various tests to determine vaccine response

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Plexision

Antibody immunity is the most common form of immunity against infectious agents. Intradermal antigen (IgE) neutralization assays can measure the amount of neutralizing antibodies in the blood, and they provide information about the type of antigens recognized by the immune system.

Intradermal antibody immunity is a passive protective mechanism where antibodies or plasma cells from the peripheral immune system are detected and bind to antigens present on the surface of virus particles. Once these are detected by antibodies they bind the antigens and destroy them. However, some viruses cause immune suppression and the absence of antigens may not cause the same reaction. Intradermal antibody (IA) neutralization tests are used to determine if a patient has a positive response to a vaccination or if they have been vaccinated but are unresponsive to the vaccine.

Interferon Neutralization Test

Interferon neutralization tests measure antibody responses to interferons. Interferons are proteins produced by the interferon regulatory factor and they have the ability to attach to the receptor of the target cells. When interferon binds to a receptor, it activates an effector molecule, which in turn causes T-cells to produce antibodies to attack the invader. The exact measurement of the IAA neutralization test requires several factors including antigen type, concentration of intracellular antibodies, and duration of infection.

Monoclonal Antibody Test (MAb)

Another test for the measurement of IgE immunity against infection is the monoclonal antibody test (MAb). In this test, MAb stimulates the production of antibodies directed against a particular pathogen. Monoclonal antibodies are generally recognized by their ability to attach to a specific antigen found on the surface of a virus. They also have a broad spectrum of action, meaning that they kill any cell they encounter.

The results of any test should be reported accurately, but the accuracy and reliability of the test can be affected by the type of antigen being tested, and the use of other substances. Allergies can have different ways of producing an immune response and therefore a test that can be sensitive to one type of allergy may not be as sensitive to others and vice versa. For example, an allergy test to molds may be highly sensitive to reactions to grass versus mold.

According to plexision.com, a test like this can only be used under the strictest of conditions, such as in the presence of a medical condition and in a laboratory setting, because it involves the use of the immune system against a known pathogen. Some of the tests have an excellent sensitivity, but the outcome depends on the type of immune system being examined. In general the more sensitive tests are more accurate than the less sensitive tests. Also, the test cannot be used to diagnose a patient unless it is repeated after the patient's condition has been stabilized on an appropriate dose of a medication.

 

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