The concept of yoga has originated in ancient Indian philosophy. There are various modern Yoga schools and institutes likeIyengar, Viniyoga, Sivananda, etc., each having its own distinct emphasis and identity regarding the relative content of physical postures and exercises (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), deep relaxation, and meditation practices that cultivate awareness and ultimately more profound states of consciousness. The application of yoga as a therapeutic intervention, which began in the early twentieth century, takes advantage of the various psychophysiological benefits of the component practices. The physical exercises (asanas) may increase patient’s physical flexibility, coordination, and strength, while the breathing practices and meditation may calm and focus the mind to develop greater awareness and diminish anxiety, and thus result in higher quality of life. Other beneficial effects might involve a reduction of distress, blood pressure, and improvements in resilience, mood, and metabolic regulation.
Yoga and Mental Health
- Depression
There are four relevant publications, including two reviews on the effects of yoga on depression, a description of studies on yogic breathing for depression, and one summary. There are several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported beneficial effects of yoga interventions for treating depressive symptoms. Compared to passive controls, the yoga interventions seem to be effective; when compared with active controls. There has been an attempt to explore mechanisms of action and to understand the complete picture of the effects of yoga in depression looking at electrophysiological markers of attention, and neurotransmitters which were found to change with yoga.
- Fatigue
There is one systematic review/meta-analysis evaluating the effects of yoga on fatigue in a variety of medical conditions. The review included 19 RCTs and included healthy persons as well as patients with cancer, multiple sclerosis, dialysis, chronic pancreatitis, fibromyalgia, and asthma. Overall, a small positive effect with a Standardized Mean Difference(SMD of 0.028 [0.24–0.33] was found. Nevertheless, there are some studies on cancer-related fatigue which indicate that treatment effects of yoga could be improved in well-designed future studies.
- Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
There is one systematic review examining the effects of yoga on anxiety and anxiety disorders, a Cochrane review on meditation therapy for anxiety disorders, a description of studies on yogic breathing which are also addressed in the systematic review, and one summary. Guru Raghavendra Bank Most studies described beneficial effects in favor of the yoga interventions, particularly when compared with passive controls, but also compared with active controls such as relaxation response or compared to standard drugs.
- Stress
One systematic review describes the positive effects of yoga on stress-associated symptoms. Chong et al. identified 8 controlled trials, 4 of which were randomized, which fulfilled their selection criteria. Also the AHRQ report stated that yoga helped reduce stress. Here, the two included studies showed a significant reduction of stress scores in favor of the yoga group.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
A single review article looked at the existing research on yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Seven articles were reviewed which included 8 studies on PTSD i.e., 1 RCT, 1 N-RCT, 3 group studies, 2 single arm studies and 1 cross sectional study were followed by exposure to natural disasters such as a tsunami and a hurricane and 2 studies on PTSD i.e., 1 RCT and 1 single-arm were conducted due to combat and terrorism. After a natural disaster, yoga practice was reported to significantly reduce symptoms of PTSD, self-rated symptoms of stress like fear, anxiety, disturbed sleep, and sadness and respiration rate. Similarly, yoga interventions were able to improve the symptoms of PTSD in persons with PTSD after exposure to combat and terrorism. The review suggested a possible role of yoga in managing PTSD to a great extent.
Conclusion:-
The above survey and reports to a great extent proved, the application of yoga asanas in daily life improves body flexibility, to a great extent cures many disease. The application of pranayama in daily life increases the human body life.
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