Would you like to know how to use the LVM technology in Linux? How to create an LVM volume, how to configure and mount it in your operating system, how to add and remove disks, and how to recover the information you have accidentally deleted? In today’s article, you will find all of that – and even more.
What is LVM?
LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is a standard disk management feature available in every version of Linux. The volume manager provides a new level of interaction between your operating system and disks or volumes which this system is using. In a conventional disk management pattern, Linux looks for available drives first, and then checks what volumes are available on these devices.
With the help of LVM, disks or volumes can be united into a single space. If the disk space is treated like that, the operating system will see no difference between them and the volume manager will show the operating system only the necessary volume groups or physical disks.
In fact, LVM has several considerable advantages to offer:
- It can create a logical volume based on any number of physical disks which will be represented in the operating system as a single disk space.
- The number of disks included and the size of such volume can be modified without interrupting your work.
- Also, the LVM technology lets you do many things on the fly, like copying certain volumes, or configuring the mirroring feature the way it works in RAID 1 systems.
How to add LVM to the operating system?
If you are going to use LVM options for the first time, you have to install it. Here is the command you need for installation: sudo apt install lvm2
After that, type the administrator’s password, and click Yes to confirm your intention.
Some Linux versions have this feature installed by default.
This can be checked easily, by typing the command lvm in the terminal window.
Now you can move on to dealing with disks.
How to format a physical disk
Here we are, with three empty hard disks 320 GB each, which are unformatted and without any partitions.
The easiest way to format a disk is by using a disk management utility. Click on a disk – open advanced settings – then format it.
Specify the name and file system – Next– and click Format again to confirm your action
Now you’ll need the password to your administrator account.
Now that this disk is formatted, repeat the operation for every other disk which is not.
Also, a disk can be formatted with the terminal, using the command fdisk.
Sign in with a superuser account – sudo –i – type the password.
Now run the following command: fdisk /dev/sdb – where sdb is the unformatted disk.
Before you continue, make sure you have selected the right disk, because this operation erases all data from there.
Type n – new volume, p – primary, 1 – first partition, then press Enter twice.
Now let’s get the volume ready to be used with LVM. Type t to change the volume type, and then 8e to assign LVM type.
Check the volume properties by pressing p – you can see everything is OK, a new formatted volume with the name sdb1 appeared; press w to record the changes. Similarly, format all the disks which are not formatted yet.
Now create an LVM volume on the partition you have just created, by entering the command: pvcreate /dev/sdb1.
Repeat the command for every disk: pvcreate /dev/sdс1, pvcreate /dev/sdd1.
Create a volume group
Combine the three disks you have just prepared into an LVM volume. Here’s the command to use:
vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 dev/sdc1 dev/sdd1
where vg1 is the name of the new group. Actually, you can use any name you prefer, but it’s recommended to put the vg letter combination before the name so that you know it is a volume group.
Create a logical volume to use LVM
When the disks are combined into the group, you need to create a new logical volume, so that you can use this group. For this purpose, type the command:
lvcreate -L 10G -n lv1 vg1
Where the -L stands for the size of the logical volume – it is 10 GB in this case, and the -n assigns a name to the volume, and the vg1 indicates from which volume the space should be taken.
If there is any data on the disk, the operating system will warn you about it: type yes to confirm your decision to erase the information.
How to format and mount a logical volume?
The last step you still have to take is to format the volume in the disk management utility and mount it. Click on it to open advanced settings and then format it; specify the name and file system – Next– and click Format again.
Type the root (superuser) account password, and click here to start mounting. Now you can use the new volume.
If you need to format it with the terminal, type the following command:
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1
Specify the file system as Ext4, the group name, and the volume name.
For mounting, type the following: mkdir /mnt/lv1, and then – mount -t ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/lv1.
The volume is mounted.
How to change the volume size?
One of the advantages offered by logical volumes is the opportunity to add a new hard disk on the fly and expand the volume group. And on the contrary, if there is a hard disk in the volume group which is not in use, you can remove it.
There are three main tools to make physical volumes, volume groups and logical volumes larger or smaller.
- Resize – this command shrinks or extends physical and logical volumes, but can’t handle volume groups;
- Extend – use it to increase logical volumes or volume groups;
- Reduce – it can make logical volumes or volume groups smaller.
How to add a new hard disk to a volume group
The first step when you want to add a hard disk to a group is to format it. Scroll up to find a detailed explanation of this step.
After that, run the following command: vgextend vg1 /dev/sde1
where vg1 is the group name, and sde1 is the new (formatted) disk.
How to display detailed information about LVM
To display detailed information on the composition of an LVM group, run the command pvdisplay.
It displays the path to a physical disk, the name of the virtual group where it belongs, the information on the free and used disk space, disk ID and many other things.
How to remove a logical volume
To remove a logical volume, make sure that i’s disconnected (unmounted), then run the lvremove command, and the volume will be removed.
This command will help you to remove a volume group, but before that, you need to unmount the logical volume, so use another command first: umount /mnt/lv1
To proceed with removal, type this command: lvremove /dev/vg1/lv1, and type Yes to confirm this operation.
When the removal operation is successful, you’ll see this message.
Now the group can be removed, with this command: sudo vgremove vg1
Now it is time to remove all the disks that used to constitute the group; this command will do it: sudo pvremove /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
All the formatting of the physical disk is removed, and now the disk is back to its original condition.
The World Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID Market Research Report 2024 (covering USA, Europe, China, Japan, India, South East Asia and etc), is an informative market report offered by DecisionDatabases.com.
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) market research report provides the newest industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to identify the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability.The industry report lists the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the market.The report includes the forecasts, Analysis and discussion of important industry trends, market size, market share estimates and profiles of the leading industry Players.Final Report will cover the impact of COVID-19 on this industry.Access Full Report with Table of Contents @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/ip/45250-world-redundant-array-of-independent-disks-raid-market-reportThe Players mentioned in our reportBroadcom(Avago Technologies)IntelFujitsuHPIBMLenovoMicrosemiSupermicroAreca Technology CorporationDellGlobal Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Market: Product Segment AnalysisHardware RAID CardSoftware RAID CardGlobal Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Market: Application Segment AnalysisInternet IndustryService IndustryManufacturing IndustryFinancialGovernmentGlobal Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Market: Regional Segment AnalysisUSAEuropeJapanChinaIndiaSouth East AsiaDownload Free Sample Report of World Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID Market @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/download-sample-45250There are 10 Chapters to deeply display the World Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) market.Chapter 1 About the Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) IndustryChapter 2 World Market Competition LandscapeChapter 3 World Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Market shareChapter 4 Supply Chain AnalysisChapter 5 Company ProfilesChapter 6 Globalisation & TradeChapter 7 Distributors and CustomersChapter 8 Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value by Major CountriesChapter 9 World Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Market Forecast through 2024Chapter 10 Key success factors and Market OverviewPurchase full World Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID Market Research Report @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/buy-now-45250Other Reports by DecisionDatabases.com:World Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS) Market Research Report 2025 (Covering USA, EU, China, South East Asia, India, Japan and etc)World Industrial Panel PC Market Research Report 2022 (covering USA, Europe, China, Japan, India, South East Asia and etc)About Us:DecisionDatabases.com is a global business research report provider, enriching decision makers and strategists with qualitative statistics.
DecisionDatabases.com is proficient in providing syndicated research Reports, customized research reports, company profiles and industry databases across multiple domains.Our expert research analysts have been trained to map client’s research requirements to the correct research resource leading to a distinctive edge over its competitors.
We provide intellectual, precise and meaningful data at a lightning speed.For More Details:DecisionDatabases.comE-Mail: [email protected]: +91 9028057900Web: https://www.decisiondatabases.com
The latest trending report Global Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025 offered by DecisionDatabases.com is an informative study covering the market with detailed analysis.
The report will assist reader with better understanding and decision making.The global Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) market size is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2020 to 2025, with a CAGR of 4.6% in the forecast period of 2020 to 2025 and will expected to reach USD 5929.7 million by 2025, from USD 4954.7 million in 2019.The Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.Final Report will cover the impact of COVID-19 on this industry.Browse the complete report and table of contents @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/ip/14126-redundant-array-of-independent-disks-raid-market-analysis-reportThe major players covered in Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) are:Broadcom(Avago Technologies)Microchip TechnologyFujitsuIntelLenovoDellAreca Technology CorporationIBMHPSupermicroBy Type, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) market has been segmented intoHardware RAID CardSoftware RAID CardBy Application, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) has been segmented intoInternet IndustryService IndustryManufacturing IndustryFinancial, GovernmentOthersThe report offers in-depth assessment of the growth and other aspects of the Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) market in important countries (regions), including:North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)Download Free Sample Report of Global Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Market @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/download-sample-14126The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:Chapter 1, to describe Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) in 2018 and 2019.Chapter 3, the Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) competitive situation, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.Chapter 4, the Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales, revenue and growth by regions, from 2015 to 2020.Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales, revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2015 to 2020.Chapter 10 and 11, to segment the sales by type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2015 to 2020.Chapter 12, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2020 to 2025.Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.Purchase the complete Global Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Market Research Report @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/buy-now-14126Other Reports by DecisionDatabases.com:Global Rotating U Disk Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025Global External Hard Disk Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025Global U Disk Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025About-Us:DecisionDatabases.com is a global business research reports provider, enriching decision makers and strategists with qualitative statistics.
DecisionDatabases.com is proficient in providing syndicated research report, customized research reports, company profiles and industry databases across multiple domains.Our expert research analysts have been trained to map client’s research requirements to the correct research resource leading to a distinctive edge over its competitors.
We provide intellectual, precise and meaningful data at a lightning speed.For more details:DecisionDatabases.comE-Mail: [email protected]: +91 9028057900Web: https://www.decisiondatabases.com/
पिछले कुछ दिनों से स्वाति मालीवाल और दिल्ली के स्पा सेंटर्स काफ़ी चर्चे में हैं। कारण है DCW की अध्यक्ष स्वाति मालीवाल के द्वारा लगातार स्पा सेंटर्स पर मारा जा रहा रेड और सोशल मीडिया पर जमकर किया जा रहा प्रचार। दिल्ली के स्पा सेंटर्स में काम कर रही लड़कियों को सीढ़ी बनाकर छवि निर्माण की कोशिशों में जुटी स्वाति मालीवाल के इस एक्शन ने हज़ारों महिलाओं को लाचार और बेबस कर दिया है। दिल्ली में लगभग 10 हज़ार वैध और अवैध स्पा हैं। इनमें 50 हज़ार से अधिक लड़कियाँ और लगभग 20 हज़ार लड़के काम करते हैं।स्पा सेंटर्स के बंद होने का मतलब हज़ारों लोगों के रोज़गार पर सीधा सीधा हमला होगा।https://www.molitics.in/news/132515/SPA-wants-to-shine-politics-by-making-workers-ladder-Swati-Maliwal-Raid-on-Spa-Centers
