How is Architecture in UAE shaping its Identity

Prior to the discovery of oil, the Gulf region's population led a basic and traditional way of life. The villagers' major sources of income were date crops and sheep husbandry. The region's vernacular architecture represented their social and cultural beliefs. It responded to the hard natural environment by developing new solutions appropriate for the generally hot-arid climatic conditions.

Following the discovery of oil in the 1960s, economic prosperity allowed for a fast transformation in society's social and cultural norms. With the growing economy, the United Arab Emirates saw higher ambitions- The tallest, the fastest, the longest, and the highest, the Emirati ambition fueled by the energy & vision of a pragmatic generation led to a transformation of the skyline. As a result, the urban environment was altered to accommodate the new goals. Modern buildings overtook vernacular architecture, and residents' traditional lifestyles were changed into modern ones.

Architecture and the built environment reflect societal political, economic, social, and cultural characteristics.

The influence of architecture on the Gulf region:

Many social and cultural characteristics of society are reflected in the architecture of the Gulf region. Modern architecture symbolises economic affluence and new socio-cultural values, whereas vernacular architecture depicts a simple and traditional way of life. The usage of modern construction elements and building systems is made easier by economic riches. Buildings with air conditioning and glass facades are regarded as emblems of modernity and civilization. 

While some observers see these changes as "a step in the right direction" toward modernity and development, everyone else is concerned about the speed with which they are occurring and the social and cultural costs associated with them.

New understanding among the populace:

The beginning of the 1990s saw a renewed appreciation for traditional and cultural values. During the 1970s, the society was swiftly reshaped by a rupture from previous cultural values. The rapid transition shattered the cultural continuity that existed between the old and younger generations. 

His Majesty Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Naheyan emphasised the significance of seeing the present and future as continuations of the past. This awareness represented a knowledge at all layers of society that complete subjugation to modern cultural ideals had a negative impact on many parts of society.

This increased understanding resulted in new views toward architecture. Many abandoned historic buildings were refurbished and converted into museums and other cultural sites. Traditional architectural elements were used to construct new buildings. A trend of going back to the origins and strengthening linkages to history was established.

The influence of new architecture:

The rising economic prosperity stimulated the use of advanced building technologies and materials. Foreign and indigenous architects have contributed to the development of new architectural styles in the region. Air conditioning units replaced the conventional wind catchers in all structures. The construction sector pioneered the use of concrete, steel, glass, and other contemporary building materials. Shiny glass skyscrapers reflecting the setting sun have forever altered the urban landscapes of Gulf cities.

Social and Cultural Transformations:

After years of poverty and misery, the people of the United Arab Emirates were anxious to enjoy the contemporary conveniences enjoyed by other countries. During the previous two decades, social, cultural, and economic developments have transpired at a breakneck pace that citizens have never seen before. 

Local and national government offices were created throughout the Emirates, providing citizens with favourable working conditions and incentives. It became everyone's goal to find a suitable political or administrative position. The government offered individuals free education, health care, and housing.

Architecture and economic success:

All of these developments influenced architecture. New buildings and dwellings were built utilising superior building and finishing materials imported from overseas in the style of other regions of the world. New building types were constructed, including office towers, malls, hospitals, school, and hotels. The construction sector was thriving as a result of the easily obtained loans and guarantees made available to citizens. In the urban landscape, all types of buildings in a variety of styles appeared. People left the countryside and moved to cities in search of a steady monthly income and improved living conditions.

The expansion of trade:

Trading grew in importance as a result of modern technologies and architecture. Many significant ports (for example, Mina Zayed in Abu Dhabi, Jebal Ali and Rashed in Dubai) were built to allow trade with the rest of the world. The UAE, particularly Dubai, rose to prominence as a significant global trading centre. The fast expansion of commercial and manufacturing operations necessitated a larger labour and employee force.

Conclusion: Current architectural changes affect not only the appearance of structures but also the cultural and social lives of their people. The old neighbourhood, which was made up of families and clans, is now divided into social classes and income levels. The fast pace of life jeopardises relationships between social groups. 

Some features of family interactions continue to affect house design. The division of men and women, particularly in the seating spaces, indicates that the house is separated into two sections. Male and female guests are greeted separately. The houses indicate one's social standing or image. The style and cost of the property indicate social group membership. The design of a house is commonly related with social and economic mobility. The fence, which marks territoriality and provides privacy, is an essential component of the modern home. Fences are meticulously adorned to convey a sense of social class.

To conclude:

Modern public buildings project images of institutions and businesses. The character of public buildings is dominated by the use of glass and modern building materials. Internationally renowned architects are commissioned to create buildings for governmental institutions and organisations.

Many regions of the country have created public gardens, and streetscapes are beautifully maintained, despite the high cost of irrigation and maintenance.