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How Terpenes Affect the Brain

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Kalki Henrietta
How Terpenes Affect the Brain

Terpenes.


It is more than a weird-sounding term. As it is not commonly used in everyday conversations, its meaning may be lost to the average person. However, many would be surprised to find that it is a very common compound, widely used in fragrances and flavors of consumer products such as perfumes, cosmetics, cleaning products, and food and drink.

August Kekulé, a German chemist, coined the term "terpene" in 1866. The term is a shortened form of the word "terpentine," which is the obsolete spelling of turpentine.


So, what exactly are terpenes?

Simply put, terpenes are natural compounds that are responsible for the way most plants smell. They are plentiful in cannabis, as well as many other plants, fruits, and herbs. Terpenes attract pollinators in some plants while repelling predators such as insects and foraging animals in others.

Some terpenes protect plants by assisting them in recovering from damage; others work as part of the plant's immune system to keep infectious germs at bay.

Terpenes are all around us. If you have ever deeply inhaled the musky, resinous scent of the woods, the pine-fresh mountain air, or caught a whiff of the sweetness of freesia and frangipani and instantly felt a wave of calmness, this is terpenes at work.


The composition of terpenes

Volatile molecules are responsible for this distinct odor. Asides from the fragrance, these molecules are also responsible for the flavor and pigment of trees, flowers, fruits, and vegetables that contain them.

Terpenes are composed of five aromatic compounds—Linalool, Pinene, Caryophyllene, Limonene, and Myrcene. They are the primary components of essential oils in plants.

For centuries, these components have been widely used in aromatherapy as each distinct terpene performs different physiological functions. More importantly, they have been studied for their anti-cancer, antioxidant, and antiviral properties.


Terpenes functions and benefits

However, the function of these remarkable compounds does not end with the release of various scents that has a refreshing effect. It turns out they're also good for your brain and emotional health, boosting your mood while potentially repairing neurons that deteriorate with age.

Terpenes are well-known for their ability to aid other molecules in producing desired effects, in addition to providing flavor and aroma. When combined with psychoactive compounds, the result is a more potent and enhanced effect known as the entourage effect.

The idea is that combining psychoactive compounds with terpenes results in better therapeutic benefits than taking the psychoactive compounds alone. According to scientific evidence, the entourage effect can significantly boost the medicinal potentials of psychoactive compounds. Terpenes' therapeutic properties stem from their ability to form bonds with naturally occurring molecules.


The past, present, and future of terpenes

For years, people have used terpenes for their scent, flavor-enhancing properties, and medical applications, as many of them are bioactive, which simply means they have an impact on the body. This effect will vary depending on the terpene concentration and how it is used, but many are thought to have analgesic or stimulant properties.

Some are said to increase mucous secretion, thus making them effective decongestants. One such terpenoid is the one produced by the genus Eucalyptus. The initial chemical analysis of the ingredient led to the development of the still-very popular eucalyptus-based cough medicines with bronchial benefits.


Despite its huge pharmaceutical value and continuing research, not much has been scientifically proven about terpenes' other beneficial properties, such as how they affect the brain.


If you want to learn more about terpenes' positive impact on the body, this infographic will explain how different terpenes affect brain functionality. After all, a healthier brain is a happier, more productive you.


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